Orlog/Wyrd
These two concepts go hand in hand. Understanding them not only helps you to understand the mindset of your ancestors (if your ancestry happens to be European, particularly Northern, or Germanic, either term is acceptable) but these concepts give you a framework for discussing aspects of pagan spirituality indigenous of Europe without having to borrow from other cultures. Here and there you will see me refer to “karma” because this is a term that all of us in the Western cultural neopagan movement are very, very used to hearing. Most of us, though, have a very weak and diluted understanding of this word but we use it because it is in our source texts, many of them also very weak and diluted.
I like how my friend Hárekr summarizes wyrd and orlog for those who just want the quick explanation: Orlog is the chess board and rules of the game, the pieces you play with and how you play the game make up your wyrd. You can’t change the rules and you can’t take away the board or else you’re no longer playing chess, but you can change how you function within those parameters, determining if you play a good game or a lousy one, regardless of whether or not you win or lose.
Wyrd
Wyrd is the complex interwoven series of events – past, present, and future – often symbolized by weaving, threads, and tapestries in European mythology. The word is Anglo-Saxon in origin and it derived from an Indo-European root, “uert”, meaning “to turn”, among other things. Wyrd is that which has turned or that which has become, but since the threads of wyrd are always being spun, and the tapestry always woven, nothing stays what it has become. So then wyrd also embodies the perpetual state of “becoming”, where everything is always being changed into something else as it is woven together with what it was and as the tapestry grows, then becomes what it will be, which can change at any moment.
Wyrd assumes responsibility. Each one of us is responsible to live righteously according to our own understanding. As our knowledge of the world around us grows, so does our responsibility to live true. This is not the justification of a thing. We can justify anything, but that does not make it right or true. Wyrd will not let you hide behind holy books or rules – it demands truth. In this regard, a person’s knowledge – their words and actions – set the tone for how their future will be woven. Think about it, how many times have you cheered for the underdog in a story or movie, who broke every rule, but did the right thing? It is still very much present in our collective un/consciousness.
This is in sharp contrast to the current Western understanding and application of the word karma. A lot of folk still have this wyrd=karma business stuck in their heads. Now remember, I say “Western understanding” because I’ve never actually had anyone from India or anyone who studies South Asian belief systems explain to me what karma is – just a lot of North American New Agers. So when I speak of karma I am using the word incorrectly and knowingly, in the way that is understood by the bulk of the neopagan and mainstream populations. In this regard, karma is a very facile and surface explanation of Universal Law. According to the dictates of karma as per chapters one through three of most introductory New Age or neopagan books, whatever you give, you will receive. In some cases it is expanded to include receiving something three times over. In the real world, this is not always the case as many good people work their tails off and succeed at nothing, yet always give out good energy and many evil people live long and well, their deeds going unpunished. This use of karma seems more like an enforcement of fear-based morality that seems more in line with Middle Eastern monotheistic thinking. Universal Law goes beyond society’s sensibilities. There are times when you must grow claws to fight the bear – you can not stand by wringing your hands in fear of crossing some imaginary line because you might not be “good”.
Orlog
Our pre-Christian ancestors understood the past in circular and spiral movements, not linear as is the case now. Because of this thought process, the past is always growing – a huge repository of wisdom upon which to draw. As time spirals upward, the circular motion of the spiral means that the future will touch upon the past continuously as the circle completes and begins anew. We still retain some of this knowledge in adages like “what goes around comes around” or “the past catches up to you”.
Orlog is a compound word, “or” meaning primal, original, or “the first” and “log”, a plural of lag, meaning strata, layer, that which is laid into place, or law. In essence, orlog is the most important thing laid down – those actions from the past that bear the most importance in our lives. They do not have to be the actions of the individual – they could be the actions of a distant relative, a past political event, a weather event, or even some seemingly inconsequential family decision made before the native was born. For example, I have no doubt that Hurricane Katrina will be a prominent factor in the orlog of many people of the American South for generations to come. The devestation of Japan will affect the orlog of an entire nation and the land those people call home, and to a lesser extent, the rest of the planet. Over in the Middle East the orlog of several groups is being added to, and the wyrd of many will shift. We see this manifesting quickly, as many people, such as doctors, teachers, and delivery drivers – people who never picked up a weapon or considered that they would one day use one – are now receiving ten minute crash courses in the operation of rocket launchers as they fight to overthrow dictators. These are, of course, more dramatic examples, but this process goes on quietly and subtly all the time. It will never stop as long as there is the existence of something.
In the 19th and 20th stanzas of the Voluspa we are told:
I know an ash that stands called Yggdrasil –
High boughed, wet with white water:
From there comes the dews that fall in the dales;
It stands ever green over Urdabrunnr.
From there come the maidens, great in wisdom –
Three from the sea that stands beneath the tree:
One is called Urd, another Verdandi,
Skuld is the third:
There, they scored on slivers of wood,
They laid laws,
They chose the life for the children of men,
And spoke urlag.
In the Grimnismal, stanza 26, we read:
Eikthyrnir, the hart is called which stands upon
Herfadir’s hall
And eats from Laerad’s limbs;
Moreover, drops from his horns
Fall into Hvergelmir –
From there, all waters rise.
In the Gylfaginning, Snorri writes that each of the three great roots of the World Tree stand over one of three aspects of Urd’s Well. They are relegated to specific worlds within Northern European cosmology: Urdabrunnr is within Hel, Hvergelmir is within Niflheim, and Mimisbrunnr is in Jotunheim. Each has their own function but all act symbiotically.
Hvergelmir is the oldest. This is a compound word, hver meaning kettle and gelm, related to gjalla, gel, and gellan meaning to roar or to make loud noises whose sound carries – the Roaring/Resonating Kettle, sometimes called simply, “The Old Kettle”. It is the origin of the primal waters which boil/seethe upward into the other components of the well. This is the source of the upward push or momentum that causes the wyrd to turn. It is the force underpinning the ever present state of becoming.
Mimisbrunnr, the next level of the great well is tended by Mimir. The name “Mimisbrunnr” is derived from the this jotun’s name. He is the keeper of all that is, and ever was. He guards the Well of Memory, protecting the or-essence. That which will shape the becoming exists at this level. In mythology, Odin sacrificed an eye for a drink from Mimir’s Well, to gain his wisdom. Once something has been placed in Mimir’s Well it cannot be undone. It becomes part of the ever-growing repository of past knowledge, of the “wisdom of the ages”, accessible to all still connected to the All-consciousness (like a Northern version of the Akashic Record or the more secular “collective unconsciousness”).
These waters continuously push and boil up through Hvergelmir and Mimisbrunnir. The patterns set forth in these layers or waters now affect Urdabrunnr, the top layer of the collective “Well of Wyrd”. This is the most active stream of energy, having been patterned and shaped by that which rests beneath (before) it. It is from this level that the Norns draw the sustenance which nourishes Yggdrasil. By doing so, they set in motion the turning of wyrd. This energy flows into the World Tree and through its branches to the Nine Worlds where it manifests. Referring back to the Grimnismal, to the hart who sits at the top of Yggdrasil, eating leaves that were nourished by this essence – as the leaves rustle while he feeds, the water droplets on their membrane (a manifestation of this energetic process) drip down his horns where they fall back to the farthest reaches of Hvergelmir, to keep the cycle going.
By watering the roots of of the World Tree as a gardener or farmer waters his plants, the Norns are literally “laying down the laws” as the expression goes, ensuring that that which was laid down in the deepest reaches of the sacred wellspring will manifest. This is the incessant energy that turns wyrd. This is but one of many symbolic wellsprings or sacred waters of life that frequent world mythologies. While I am not of the belief that one should mix and match the diverse beliefs and deities of so many world cultures, it is interesting to note how such symbols transcend ancient culture, language, ethnicity, and belief.
Spinners, weavers, plants, wells, and according to my son “this is like when we distill and recycle water in science class” – all ways at looking at the cycle of becoming. Rich!!! And yet people still think the ancient Northern Europeans were a bunch of dumb bastards who spent all their time raping and pillaging….hardly!!!